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| I. COMMENCEMENT, TIMING AND PROCEDURE | 1 |
| A. Amending complaint after filing deadline | 1 |
| 1. Not allowing amendment | 1 |
| B. Estoppel andres judicata | 1 |
| 1. Res judicata or "claim preclusion" generally not available in discharge and dischargeability proceedings | 1 |
| 2. Collateral estoppel or "issue preclusion" may be available in discharge and dischargeability proceeding | 2 |
| C. Eleventh amendment immunity and sovereign immunity | 5 |
| D. Standing | 5 |
| E. Settlement of discharge and dischargeability litigation | 5 |
| F. Enhanced damages and costs | 6 |
| 1. Attorney fees, interest, other damages and costs | 6 |
| G. Default judgments | 7 |
| II. LITIGATION OF DISCHARGEABILITY COMPLAINTS: 11 U.S.C. S 523 | 7 |
| A. 11 U.S.C. S 523(a)(1) | 7 |
| 1. Fraudulent return or willful attempt to evade | 7 |
| 2. Miscellaneous | 8 |
| B. 11 U.S.C. S 523(a)(2) | 8 |
| 1. Elements of proof under S 523(a)(2)(A) | 8 |
| a. To the extent obtained by false pretenses, a false representation, or actual fraud | 8 |
| 2. Express, affirmative misrepresentations of existing facts (other than financial condition) | 9 |
| 3. Causation | 10 |
| 4. Reliance | 11 |
| a. Elements of proof under S 523(a)(2)(B) | 11 |
| b. 11 U.S.C. S 523(a)(2)(C): Luxury goods and cash advances | 12 |
| C. 11 U.S.C. S 523(a)(4) | 12 |
| 1. Fraud or defalcation | 12 |
| 2. Fiduciary capacity | 13 |
| 3. Embezzlement or Larceny | 14 |
| D. 11 U.S.C. S 523(a)(5) | 15 |
| 1. Alimony, maintenance or support | 15 |
| 2. Attorney Fees | 16 |
| E. 11 U.S.C. S 523(a)(6) | 16 |
| 1. In general | 16 |
| 2. Assault or battery | 18 |
| 3. Professional "negligence" | 19 |
| 4. Other wrongful acts | 19 |
| F. 11 U.S.C. S 523(a)(7) | 22 |
| G. 11 U.S.C. S 523(a)(8) | 23 |
| 1. Measurement of seven-year period | 23 |
| 2. Undue Hardship | 24 |
| 3. Partial, deferred and modified discharge? | 26 |
| H. 11 U.S.C. S 523(a)(9) | 26 |
| III. LITIGATION OF COMPLAINTS TO BAR DISCHARGE: 11 U.S.C. S 727 | 27 |
| A. 11 U.S.C. S 727(a)(2) | 27 |
| B. 11 U.S.C. S 727(a)(3) | 29 |
| C. 11 U.S.C. S 727(a)(4) | 30 |
| D. 11 U.S.C. S 727(a)(8) | 31 |
| E. 11 U.S.C. S 727(a)(11) | 32 |
©2008 Keith M. Lundin
